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Platon

4th-century BCE Greek philosopher · 427–347 BC

Appears in 183 videos · 388 passages, 170 of them in depth.

What Dominique Pagani says

Dominique Pagani sees Plato as the greatest artist and stage director in the history of thought: in his dialogues, truth is born from the clash of discourses1. He links Plato's philosophy to his political failure in Syracuse, recounted in the Seventh Letter2. For him, philosophy is political at the outset and at the end, as shown by the "immense detour" of the Republic. He often retells the allegory of the cave, the divided line and the sun, offspring of the good, which also gives growth and nourishment3. He reads the Gorgias closely, a confrontation between Socrates and Callicles on the edge of violence. He also reads the Sophist, where there is no same without other, and the Phaedo: its distinction between the cause and that without which the cause would not be a cause prevents seeing Plato as a mere idealist4. Following Hegel, he judges him reactionary in the face of nascent subjective freedom, yet makes his rational method the pivot of the revolution5.

  1. 1De Platon à la révolution mondiale par Dominique Pagani14 Jul 2022 · 1:09
  2. 2#3.4 D'Ulysse à Dédale1 Aug 2017 · 16:10
  3. 3#1 Bien-et Mé-faits de l'amnésie...8 Oct 2020 · 31:10
  4. 4Staël (Mme de )26 May 2019 · 1:13:45
  5. 5Ni gauche ni droite ? Islamo gauchisme ?17 Oct 2023 · 1:14:12

Summary produced automatically from 150 of the passages below, to be reviewed; the numbers link to the moment in the session.

Portrait: PlatonWho is this?

Plato ( PLAY-toh; Ancient Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn; c. 428–347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of Classical Athens who is most commonly considered the foundational thinker of the Western philosophical tradition. An innovator of the literary dialogue and dialectic forms, Plato influenced all the major areas of theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the collection of philosophical theories that would later become known as Platonism. […]

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Text: Wikipédia, CC BY-SA 4.0, excerpt · Portrait: Marie-Lan Nguyen, CC BY 2.5

Season 14 · 5 May 2026The foundations of the Platonic and Aristotelian distinction
  1. 4:32Seventh LetterDiverted from politics by the condemnation of Socrates and sold as a slave at Syracuse, he is compelled to turn toward philosophy.
  2. 9:09The finger pointed upward in Raphael's painting symbolizes transcendence and the world of ideas.
  3. 14:07The RepublicThe end of Book VI sums up his system; the long detour brackets the practical aim.
  4. 20:03The RepublicCommentary on the allegory of the cave: shadows, intelligible world, dialectic, the good symbolized by the sun, return toward the prisoners.
  5. 1:03:13The good is beyond essence; Plato remains fascinated by naming and reflects on concepts.
Talks · 14 Jul 2022From Plato to world revolution, by Dominique Pagani
  1. 1:09The greatest artist and dramatist in the history of thought; truth is born from the clash of discourses like a spark.
  2. 23:26"Let no one enter here who is not a geometer": distinction between the intelligible world and the sensible world.
  3. 29:53GorgiasThe dialogue with Gorgias shows two ways of persuading, one indifferent to truth.
  4. 43:40Seventh LetterSon of an aristocratic family destined for politics, he says he was compelled toward philosophy after his misfortunes in Syracuse.
  5. 49:39The RepublicAccording to Hegel, the Republic is not a utopia but expresses the essence of the political world of his time.
Season 3 · 1 Aug 2017#3.5 From Ulysses to Daedalus
  1. 6:07Seventh LetterA political trauma with Dionysius is at the origin of his philosophical career.
  2. 12:42The RepublicThe allegory of the cave already contains the whole progression of philosophy, from doxa to the idea of the good.
  3. 42:30The RepublicThe descent into the cave: no individual salvation, philosophy ends in politics.
  4. 49:04MenoThe interrogated slave shows that all knowledge is recollection and that there is no slave by nature.
  5. 1:35:24The SophistHe recognizes that there is no same without the other and raises dialectic to ontology.
Season 10 · 23 Dec 202110#7 "Post-modern" eco-petty-Nazism - Plato's Gorgias
  1. 10:15GorgiasThe greatest artist in the history of thought already stages the post-modern theses.
  2. 50:13GorgiasA dialogue of unique dramatic intensity, which does not conclude and ends on the myth of the last judgment.
  3. 58:58The RepublicAccording to Hegel, his Republic grasps Greek ethical life and combats the nascent free subjectivity.
  4. 1:11:38PhaedoSocrates mocks those who conceive the soul as a breath that the wind could scatter.
  5. 1:44:19The LawsThree kinds of men: those who work the land, go to war, go to sea.
Season 5.1 · 21 Nov 2018#5.2 The philosopher's Odyssey: Revolutionary thought
  1. 9:55The RepublicThe Republic, presented as a utopia, expresses the Greek ethos; its rationalism is the pivot of world revolution.
  2. 39:11Praised by Hegel for having imposed on everyone agreement with oneself, non-contradiction.
  3. 51:35PhaedoSocrates proves the immortality of the soul and answers Crito about his burial: the Hegelian spirit is not this soul.
  4. 54:18All knowledge is recollection: the role of memory.
  5. 1:35:10MenoThe slave solves the diagonal problem; the Republic no longer includes slaves.
Season 3 · 1 Aug 2017#3.4 From Ulysses to Daedalus
  1. 11:18The RepublicThe idea of the good gives growth and nourishment; to resolve the political problem, Socrates imposes a "long detour," which is philosophy.
  2. 13:08His two series of dialogues both end with political texts, the Republic and the Laws.
  3. 16:10Seventh LetterSold as a slave in Syracuse, he writes that he was "compelled" (ananke) to turn away from politics toward philosophy.
  4. 47:03Like Rousseau, he thinks the end of a historico-political figure, the city, which the Empire will soon subjugate.
  5. 49:30The SymposiumAlcibiades arrives drunk and they discuss the beautiful while Philip of Macedon sharpens his weapons.
Season 1 · 28 Jan 2016#1.8 Between crisis and war: Philosophising?
  1. 0:43The RepublicThe myth of the cave sets out the tripartition of opinion, discursive knowledge, dialectic, and the ascent toward the unhypothetical principle.
  2. 8:40The SophistIn the metaphysical dialogues, Plato struggles with himself and concludes that there is no same without other.
  3. 27:34GorgiasCallicles almost strikes Socrates, whom he reproaches for doing philosophy at his age.
  4. 31:44TheaetetusAn anxious dialogue that gives one of the best portraits of the philosopher.
  5. 1:10:34The RepublicThe sloping, rough ground of the cave indicates that we drag our feet toward the truth.
Season 1 · 11 Dec 2015#1.7 Between crisis and war: Philosophising?
  1. 7:31The RepublicThe myth of the cave sums up the workshop's program; he restores it in full, ascent and descent.
  2. 16:44The RepublicDegrees of knowledge: doxa, dianoia, dialectic, theory; geometers do not go back to the unhypothetical principle.
  3. 26:18The RepublicThe sun, offspring of the good, makes visible and seeing and gives growth and nourishment.
  4. 29:02The RepublicThe descent into the cave, where the one who returns is mocked and threatened with death.
  5. 1:09:35The greatest poet of his time; he recommends the Phaedrus and the Symposium.
Season 12 · 17 Oct 2023Neither left nor right? Islamo-leftism?
  1. 58:01Cited by Rousseau among the authors on virtue.
  2. 1:08:40The RepublicNot a democrat: his ideal city forbids leaving before the age of fifty.
  3. 1:14:12The RepublicAccording to Hegel, reactionary in the face of infinite freedom, but his method is the pivot of the revolution.
  4. 1:21:07His method replaces authority with agreement on common principles: one needs the other to be in the truth.
Series · 9 Feb 2021Musicosophy 15. Plato, Rousseau, Hegel and music
  1. 1:24PhaedoFirst written system of philosophy to have come down to us; great stage director and writer; the Phaedo is Socrates' last conversation.
  2. 13:27PhaedoDistinguishes the cause from that without which the cause would never be a cause: proof of his materialism.
  3. 16:58Requires geometry at the entrance to his school as training to contemplate the invisible with the eye of the soul.
  4. 38:59CratylusRousseau takes seriously the Cratylus, a dialogue of wordplay perhaps caricatural.
  5. 1:03:50CratylusPoses the question of language by nature or by convention.
Season 9.2 · 7 Jan 20219 #11 How can sciences of history be real?
  1. 23:51He takes an immense interest in mathematics, astronomy, and acoustics, which are nonetheless not the proper object of philosophy.
  2. 34:28"Let none enter here who is not a geometer": geometry trains one to contemplate the intelligible, which he wants to apply to self-knowledge.
  3. 41:54GorgiasHis most political dialogue in dramatic intensity; all the characters existed except Callicles.
  4. 1:28:53The sublunary world is the work of a drunken demiurge whose hand slips on the lathe: he makes an oval instead of a circle.
Season 6 · 23 Oct 2019#6.1 • The Logic of the Subject • season 6 / 2019-20
  1. 13:25Seventh LetterSon of the establishment destined for politics, compelled (anankè) into philosophy by Socrates' condemnation; the greatest artist in the history of thought.
  2. 1:06:08ParmenidesHimself administers the crisis of Platonism and calls the theory of ideas into question; apophantic method.
  3. 1:10:37The SophistThrough a heroic act, he consents to the other against the sole party of identity and Parmenides.
Season 2 · 18 Feb 2016#2.3 Between crisis and war: Philosophising?
  1. 1:58Everyone would stand up when he entered the stadium.
  2. 16:26Founds the Academy with the inscription "let no one enter who is not a geometer": geometry as propaedeutic for treating the problems of the city.
  3. 23:20Passage listed.
  4. 25:53GorgiasIn the Gorgias one is on the verge of a brawl: Callicles threatens Socrates.
  5. 1:04:00All knowledge is recollection.
  6. 1:16:08The RepublicAccording to Hegel, his Republic grasps the Greek ethos and fights the nascent free personality as a principle of corruption.
Series · 29 Jan 2016What is to be done? 1/3
  1. 1:23The RepublicHe prescribes there the great detour without which political problems will not be settled as long as philosophers do not govern.
  2. 8:45GorgiasThe play on words soma, sêma: the tomb is the first of signs.
  3. 33:53GorgiasFor him it is the most tense text in political philosophy. There is a structural analogy between Plato and Rousseau in the face of the crisis of their time.
  4. 47:30He turns away both the dogmatist and the relativist on beauty and poses the question "what do you call?".
Series · 29 Jan 2016What is to be done? 2/3
  1. 33:52GorgiasThe Gorgias opposes persuasion aimed at doxa to that aimed at episteme, and Socrates to Callicles.
  2. 40:48The RepublicThe Republic, read by Hegel as an expression of the crisis of Greek ethical life.
  3. 49:32Beyond the ideology of an Athenian aristocrat, the legacy of rationality, of the concept; "Let no one enter here who is not a geometer."
Season 9.1 · 8 Oct 2020#1 Benefits and harms of amnesia...
  1. 1:17For him, all knowledge is recollection.
  2. 2:51The RepublicUses the Lethe in his theory of reminiscence: the dead drink the water of forgetting before reincarnating.
  3. 31:10The RepublicAt the end of Book VI, the sun gives knowledge and visibility, but also growth and nourishment to beings.
  4. 56:57Nietzsche takes the opposite stance from his thesis that to know is to remember.
Season 5.1 · 13 Jan 2019#5.3 bis FaceBookLive / Questions
  1. 8:55The dialogues give rise to the question "what do you call...?"
  2. 42:25Eidos is translated as "idea" in Plato: the idea is never seen, it is conceived, even though the word has a visual origin.
  3. 45:54PhaedoSocrates mocks those who conceive of the soul as an invisible matter that the wind might disperse.
Season 5.1 · 6 Dec 2018#5.2 ter FaceBookLive / Questions (2) following Workshop #5.2
  1. 5:07A witness of Socrates whom he frequented for a long time, no less reliable than the others.
  2. 6:15Seventh LetterRecounts his failure at Syracuse and says he turned to philosophy from this political failure.
  3. 20:49The RepublicThe scandal of Socrates' condemnation leads him to the long detour of philosophical inquiry.
  4. 21:08GorgiasSocrates there refutes Callicles who confuses the law of the city with the natural law of force.
Season 5.1 · 2 Nov 2018#5.1 bis FaceBook Live / Questions
  1. 27:24Chose dialogue: knowledge is constituted in the very act of transmitting, provided it is dialogic and not one-sided.
  2. 30:34MenoHas a slave himself formulate the relation of the diagonal to the side of the square to support the thesis that knowing is remembering.
  3. 59:44Apology of SocratesRecalls the Delphic "know thyself."
Season 4 · 16 May 2018#4.8 Angélique (by Nerval)
  1. 7:18The RepublicThe prisoner of the cave staggers going toward the light and then returning to the darkness.
  2. 55:37GorgiasCallicles gathers there all the pseudo-Nietzschean themes; violence is the limit of dialogue.
  3. 1:15:35The SymposiumThe Phaedrus and the Symposium are peaks of aesthetics, but not a system.
Season 3 · 1 Aug 2017#3.6 From Ulysses to Daedalus
  1. 14:51"Let none enter here who is not a geometer"; a physicist from CERN saw a return of Platonism in quantum theory.
  2. 16:23The RepublicThe return of the sun at the bottom of the cave is the political Plato; all knowledge is recollection.
  3. 23:12The RepublicThe sun represents the good; the idea comes from a word meaning visual contour.
  4. 46:22Associated with Rousseau: both express the end of a world (agrégation topic "City and decadence").
Series · 1 Feb 2016Hegel on the Beach 1/5
  1. 30:49Seventh LetterAfter his political failure at Syracuse, he founds the Academy; all philosophy begins with a political failure.
  2. 1:05:50GorgiasThe dialogue with Gorgias distinguishes persuasion that leads to knowledge from persuasion that leads to opinion.
  3. 1:09:44According to Hegel, he initiated the world revolution by asking the concept to arbitrate between opinions.
Talks · 8 Aug 2015Mythology and Truth
  1. 8:26He banishes the poets from the city, he who is the greatest poet of his time, because he seeks a univocal truth on the model of geometry.
  2. 17:57The mathematical circle belongs to what he calls the intelligible world.
  3. 23:17GorgiasHe heroically tries to apply mathematical non-contradiction to ordinary language.
Talks · 26 Apr 2015The Music of History
  1. 11:22the first written system; dualism of the sensible world and the intelligible world, of which music is the privileged expression
  2. 1:14:29wants to banish poets from the city yet is the greatest artist of his time; thinker of a crisis of the city
  3. 1:29:28gymnastics for the body, music for the soul
Talks · 21 Sept 2019Pagani without detours
  1. 19:19The RepublicHis tripartition begins with the back of the cave, then moves to dianoia.
  2. 26:06"Let no one enter here who is not a geometer": the sciences are a prerequisite.
  3. 46:27The SymposiumIn the Symposium, it is a woman, Diotima, who gives the final word through Socrates' mouth.
Talks · 2 Jul 2018Tribute to Domenico Losurdo
  1. 42:18PhilebusHegel is no harder to read than the Philebus or the Sophist.
  2. 51:10In him as in Aristotle, universal man does not exist, since the slave is an instrument.
  3. 1:20:24The RepublicHe presents substantial ethics but excludes independent particularity: private property, family, choice of profession.
Series · 3 Jan 2015T for Triangle
  1. 4:55"Let no one enter here who is not a geometer": geometry is a propaedeutic for contemplating intelligible realities, such as the idea of a table.
  2. 7:49Philosopher who draws on the objective universality brought by the logico-mathematical.
Series · 29 Dec 2014O for Opposition
  1. 8:44Sold as a slave for having wanted to form a king.
  2. 10:27The SophistStarting from identity and the idea, he recognizes in the Sophist that there is sameness because there is otherness; dialogue implies the against.
Series · 2 Feb 2016Hegel on the Beach 3/5
  1. 0:54An admirable aesthetics that does not know itself as such.
  2. 22:55Turned toward ideas and mathematics: let no one enter here who is not a geometer.
  3. 2:05:13His metaphysical dialogues are enormously difficult.
  4. 2:12:24Was right to relegate the sensible to the back of the cave; geometry is a propaedeutic.

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